Files
BreadedSNES/src/cpu.cpp

4882 lines
135 KiB
C++

//
// Created by Palindromic Bread Loaf on 7/21/25.
//
#include "cpu.h"
#include <iostream>
// CPU Implementation
void CPU::Reset() {
A = D = X = Y = 0;
SP = 0x01FF; // Start of page 1
PC = ReadWord(0x00FFFC);
P = 0x34; // Start in emulation mode
DB = PB = 0;
cycles = 0;
}
void CPU::Step() {
if (!stopped) ExecuteInstruction();
}
// CPU Helper Methods
uint8_t CPU::ReadByte(const uint32_t address) {
cycles++;
return bus->Read(address);
}
uint16_t CPU::ReadWord(const uint32_t address) {
const uint8_t low = ReadByte(address);
const uint8_t high = ReadByte(address + 1);
return (high << 8) | low;
}
void CPU::UpdateNZ8(const uint8_t value) {
P = (P & ~FLAG_N) | (value & 0x80); // Set N flag if bit 7 is set
P = (P & ~FLAG_Z) | (value == 0 ? FLAG_Z : 0); // Set Z flag if value is zero
}
void CPU::UpdateNZ16(const uint16_t value) {
P = (P & ~FLAG_N) | ((value & 0x8000) ? FLAG_N : 0); // Set N flag if bit 15 is set
P = (P & ~FLAG_Z) | (value == 0 ? FLAG_Z : 0); // Set Z flag if value is zero
}
// Helper method to write bytes/words to memory
void CPU::WriteByte(const uint32_t address, const uint8_t value) const {
bus->Write(address, value);
}
void CPU::WriteWord(const uint32_t address, const uint16_t value) const {
bus->Write(address, value & 0xFF); // Low byte
bus->Write(address + 1, (value >> 8) & 0xFF); // High byte
}
// Helper function to update flags after compare operation
void CPU::UpdateCompareFlags8(const uint8_t reg_value, const uint8_t compare_value) {
const uint16_t result = reg_value - compare_value;
// Set/clear flags
if (result & 0x100) {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
} else {
P |= FLAG_C;
}
if ((result & 0xFF) == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
if (result & 0x80) {
P |= FLAG_N;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_N;
}
}
void CPU::UpdateCompareFlags16(const uint16_t reg_value, const uint16_t compare_value) {
const uint32_t result = reg_value - compare_value;
// Set/clear flags
if (result & 0x10000) {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
} else {
P |= FLAG_C;
}
if ((result & 0xFFFF) == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
if (result & 0x8000) {
P |= FLAG_N;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_N;
}
}
// General Branching Code
void CPU::DoBranch(const bool condition) {
const auto displacement = static_cast<int8_t>(ReadByte(PC));
PC++;
if (condition) {
const uint32_t old_pc = PC; // Save the current PC for page boundary check
PC = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<int32_t>(PC) + displacement);
cycles++;
if ((old_pc & 0xFF00) != (PC & 0xFF00)) cycles++; // Add one cycle for crossing a page boundary
}
}
// Stack helper methods:
void CPU::PushByte(const uint8_t value) {
WriteByte(SP, value);
SP--;
cycles++;
}
void CPU::PushWord(const uint16_t value) {
// Push high then low
PushByte(value >> 8);
PushByte(value & 0xFF);
}
uint8_t CPU::PopByte() {
SP++;
cycles++;
return ReadByte(SP);
}
uint16_t CPU::PopWord() {
// Pop low then high
const uint8_t low = PopByte();
const uint8_t high = PopByte();
return (high << 8) | low;
}
void CPU::DoADC(const uint16_t value) {
uint32_t result;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t acc_low = A & 0xFF;
const uint8_t val_low = value & 0xFF;
if (P & FLAG_D) {
// Decimal mode
result = acc_low + val_low + (P & FLAG_C ? 1 : 0);
result = AdjustDecimal(result, false);
} else {
// Binary mode
result = acc_low + val_low + (P & FLAG_C ? 1 : 0);
}
P = (P & ~FLAG_C) | (result > 0xFF ? FLAG_C : 0);
P = (P & ~FLAG_V) | (((acc_low ^ result) & (val_low ^ result) & 0x80) ? FLAG_V : 0);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | (result & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit mode
if (P & FLAG_D) {
// Decimal mode
result = A + value + (P & FLAG_C ? 1 : 0);
result = AdjustDecimal(result, true);
} else {
// Binary mode
result = A + value + (P & FLAG_C ? 1 : 0);
}
P = (P & ~FLAG_C) | (result > 0xFFFF ? FLAG_C : 0);
P = (P & ~FLAG_V) | (((A ^ result) & (value ^ result) & 0x8000) ? FLAG_V : 0);
A = result & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(A);
}
}
uint16_t CPU::AdjustDecimal(const uint16_t binary_result, const bool is_16bit) {
//TODO: Make sure this works? I'm not sure I understand.
if (is_16bit) {
// 16-bit decimal adjustment
uint16_t result = binary_result;
if ((result & 0x0F) > 0x09) result += 0x06;
if ((result & 0xF0) > 0x90) result += 0x60;
if ((result & 0x0F00) > 0x0900) result += 0x0600;
if ((result & 0xF000) > 0x9000) result += 0x6000;
return result;
}
// 8-bit decimal adjustment
uint16_t result = binary_result;
if ((result & 0x0F) > 0x09) result += 0x06;
if ((result & 0xF0) > 0x90) result += 0x60;
return result;
}
void CPU::UpdateASLFlags8(const uint8_t original_value, const uint8_t result) {
if (original_value & 0x80) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ8(result);
}
void CPU::UpdateASLFlags16(const uint16_t original_value, const uint16_t result) {
if (original_value & 0x8000) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ16(result);
}
// Helper function to update flags after BIT operation (non-immediate modes)
void CPU::UpdateBITFlags8(uint8_t memory_value, uint8_t acc_value) {
// Z flag: set if (A & memory) == 0
if (const uint8_t result = acc_value & memory_value; result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
// N flag: copy bit 7 of memory
if (memory_value & 0x80) {
P |= FLAG_N;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_N;
}
// V flag: copy bit 6 of memory
if (memory_value & 0x40) {
P |= FLAG_V;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_V;
}
}
void CPU::UpdateBITFlags16(const uint16_t memory_value, const uint16_t acc_value) {
if (const uint16_t result = acc_value & memory_value; result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
// N flag: copy bit 15 of memory
if (memory_value & 0x8000) {
P |= FLAG_N;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_N;
}
// V flag: copy bit 14 of memory
if (memory_value & 0x4000) {
P |= FLAG_V;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_V;
}
}
// Helper function for immediate mode BIT
void CPU::UpdateBITImmediateFlags8(const uint8_t memory_value, const uint8_t acc_value) {
if (const uint8_t result = acc_value & memory_value; result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
}
void CPU::UpdateBITImmediateFlags16(const uint16_t memory_value, const uint16_t acc_value) {
if (const uint16_t result = acc_value & memory_value; result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
}
void CPU::UpdateLSRFlags8(const uint8_t original_value, const uint8_t result) {
// Set carry flag if bit 0 was set
if (original_value & 0x01) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ8(result);
}
void CPU::UpdateLSRFlags16(const uint16_t original_value, const uint16_t result) {
// Set carry flag if bit 0 was set
if (original_value & 0x0001) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ16(result);
}
// ROL/ROR helper methods
uint8_t CPU::ROL8(uint8_t value) {
const bool old_carry = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
const bool new_carry = (value & 0x80) != 0;
value = (value << 1) | (old_carry ? 1 : 0);
if (new_carry) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ8(value);
return value;
}
uint16_t CPU::ROL16(uint16_t value) {
const bool old_carry = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
const bool new_carry = (value & 0x8000) != 0;
value = (value << 1) | (old_carry ? 1 : 0);
if (new_carry) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ16(value);
return value;
}
void CPU::ROL_AtAddress(const uint32_t address, const int base_cycles_8bit, const int base_cycles_16bit) {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = ROL8(value);
WriteByte(address, value);
cycles += base_cycles_8bit;
} else {
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = ROL16(value);
WriteWord(address, value);
cycles += base_cycles_16bit;
}
}
uint8_t CPU::ROR8(uint8_t value) {
const bool old_carry = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
const bool new_carry = (value & 0x01) != 0;
value = (value >> 1) | (old_carry ? 0x80 : 0);
if (new_carry) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ8(value);
return value;
}
uint16_t CPU::ROR16(uint16_t value) {
const bool old_carry = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
const bool new_carry = (value & 0x0001) != 0;
value = (value >> 1) | (old_carry ? 0x8000 : 0);
if (new_carry) {
P |= FLAG_C;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
}
UpdateNZ16(value);
return value;
}
void CPU::ROR_AtAddress(const uint32_t address, const int base_cycles_8bit, const int base_cycles_16bit) {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = ROR8(value);
WriteByte(address, value);
cycles += base_cycles_8bit;
} else {
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = ROR16(value);
WriteWord(address, value);
cycles += base_cycles_16bit;
}
}
void CPU::SBC8(const uint8_t operand) {
const uint8_t acc = A & 0xFF;
if (P & FLAG_D) {
// Decimal mode
const bool carry_in = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
const uint8_t result = SBC8_Decimal(acc, operand, carry_in);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | result;
} else {
// Binary mode
const uint16_t carry_in = (P & FLAG_C) ? 0 : 1; // Note: Inverted carry
const uint16_t result = acc - operand - carry_in;
P &= ~(FLAG_C | FLAG_V | FLAG_N | FLAG_Z);
if (result <= 0xFF) {
P |= FLAG_C;
}
if (((acc ^ operand) & (acc ^ result) & 0x80) != 0) {
P |= FLAG_V;
}
A = (A & 0xFF00) | (result & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(result & 0xFF);
}
}
void CPU::SBC16(const uint16_t operand) {
if (P & FLAG_D) {
// Decimal mode
const bool carry_in = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
A = SBC16_Decimal(A, operand, carry_in);
} else {
// Binary mode
const uint32_t carry_in = (P & FLAG_C) ? 0 : 1;
const uint32_t result = A - operand - carry_in;
P &= ~(FLAG_C | FLAG_V | FLAG_N | FLAG_Z);
if (result <= 0xFFFF) {
P |= FLAG_C;
}
if (((A ^ operand) & (A ^ result) & 0x8000) != 0) {
P |= FLAG_V;
}
A = result & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(A);
}
}
uint8_t CPU::SBC8_Decimal(const uint8_t a, const uint8_t operand, const bool carry) {
uint16_t result = a - operand - (carry ? 0 : 1);
// Adjust for decimal mode
if ((result & 0x0F) > 9 || (result & 0x10) != 0) {
result -= 6;
}
if (result > 0x99) {
result -= 0x60;
}
P &= ~(FLAG_C | FLAG_N | FLAG_Z);
if (result <= 0xFF) {
P |= FLAG_C;
}
const uint8_t final_result = result & 0xFF;
UpdateNZ8(final_result);
return final_result;
}
uint16_t CPU::SBC16_Decimal(const uint16_t a, const uint16_t operand, const bool carry) {
uint32_t result = a - operand - (carry ? 0 : 1);
// Adjust low nibble
if ((result & 0x000F) > 9 || (result & 0x0010) != 0) {
result -= 0x0006;
}
// Adjust second nibble
if ((result & 0x00F0) > 0x90 || (result & 0x0100) != 0) {
result -= 0x0060;
}
// Adjust third nibble
if ((result & 0x0F00) > 0x900 || (result & 0x1000) != 0) {
result -= 0x0600;
}
// Adjust high nibble
if (result > 0x9999) {
result -= 0x6000;
}
P &= ~(FLAG_C | FLAG_N | FLAG_Z);
if (result <= 0xFFFF) {
P |= FLAG_C;
}
const uint16_t final_result = result & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(final_result);
return final_result;
}
void CPU::SBC_FromAddress(const uint32_t address, const int base_cycles_8bit, const int base_cycles_16bit) {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
SBC8(operand);
cycles += base_cycles_8bit;
} else {
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
SBC16(operand);
cycles += base_cycles_16bit;
}
}
void CPU::SBC_FromAddress_PageCross(const uint32_t address, const uint16_t base_address, const uint16_t offset, const int base_cycles_8bit, const int base_cycles_16bit) {
SBC_FromAddress(address, base_cycles_8bit, base_cycles_16bit);
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + offset) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::STZ_ToAddress(const uint32_t address, const int base_cycles_8bit, const int base_cycles_16bit) {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
WriteByte(address, 0x00);
cycles += base_cycles_8bit;
} else {
WriteWord(address, 0x0000);
cycles += base_cycles_16bit;
}
}
void CPU::ExecuteInstruction() {
switch (const uint8_t opcode = bus->Read(PC++)) {
// ADC - Add with Carry
case 0x69: ADC_Immediate(); break; // ADC #$nn/#$nnnn
case 0x6D: ADC_Absolute(); break; // ADC $nnnn
case 0x7D: ADC_AbsoluteX(); break; // ADC $nnnn,X
case 0x79: ADC_AbsoluteY(); break; // ADC $nnnn,Y
case 0x6F: ADC_AbsoluteLong(); break; // ADC $nnnnnn
case 0x7F: ADC_AbsoluteLongX(); break; // ADC $nnnnnn,X
case 0x65: ADC_DirectPage(); break; // ADC $nn
case 0x75: ADC_DirectPageX(); break; // ADC $nn,X
case 0x72: ADC_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // ADC ($nn)
case 0x71: ADC_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // ADC ($nn),Y
case 0x61: ADC_DirectPageIndirectX(); break; // ADC ($nn,X)
case 0x67: ADC_DirectPageIndirectLong(); break; // ADC [$nn]
case 0x77: ADC_DirectPageIndirectLongY(); break;// ADC [$nn],Y
case 0x63: ADC_StackRelative(); break; // ADC $nn,S
case 0x73: ADC_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // ADC ($nn,S),Y
// Bitwise AND Instructions
case 0x29: AND_Immediate(); break; // AND #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0x2D: AND_Absolute(); break; // AND $nnnn
case 0x3D: AND_AbsoluteX(); break; // AND $nnnn,X
case 0x39: AND_AbsoluteY(); break; // AND $nnnn,Y
case 0x25: AND_DirectPage(); break; // AND $nn
case 0x35: AND_DirectPageX(); break; // AND $nn,X
case 0x32: AND_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // AND ($nn)
case 0x27: AND_IndirectDirectPageLong(); break; // AND [$nn]
case 0x21: AND_IndexedIndirectDirectPageX(); break; // AND ($nn,X)
case 0x31: AND_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // AND ($nn),Y
case 0x37: AND_IndirectDirectPageLongY(); break; // AND [$nn],Y
case 0x2F: AND_AbsoluteLong(); break; // AND $nnnnnn
case 0x3F: AND_AbsoluteLongX(); break; // AND $nnnnnn,X
case 0x23: AND_StackRelative(); break; // AND $nn,S
case 0x33: AND_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // AND ($nn,S),Y
// ASL - Accumulator Shift Left
case 0x0A: ASL_Accumulator(); break; // ASL A
case 0x0E: ASL_Absolute(); break; // ASL $nnnn
case 0x1E: ASL_AbsoluteX(); break; // ASL $nnnn,X
case 0x06: ASL_DirectPage(); break; // ASL $nn
case 0x16: ASL_DirectPageX(); break; // ASL $nn,X
// Branch Instructions
case 0xF0: BEQ_Relative(); break; // BEQ $nn
case 0xD0: BNE_Relative(); break; // BNE $nn
case 0x90: BCC_Relative(); break; // BCC $nn
case 0xB0: BCS_Relative(); break; // BCS $nn
case 0x30: BMI_Relative(); break; // BMI $nn
case 0x10: BPL_Relative(); break; // BPL $nn
case 0x80: BRA_Relative(); break; // BRA $nnnn
case 0x82: BRL_RelativeLong(); break; // BRL $nnnnnn
case 0x50: BVC_Relative(); break; // BVC $nnnn
case 0x70: BVS_Relative(); break; // BVS $nnnn
// Break Instruction
case 0x00: BRK(); break; // BRK
// BIT - Test Bits Instructions
case 0x89: BIT_Immediate(); break; // BIT #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0x2C: BIT_Absolute(); break; // BIT $nnnn
case 0x3C: BIT_AbsoluteX(); break; // BIT $nnnn,X
case 0x24: BIT_DirectPage(); break; // BIT $nn
case 0x34: BIT_DirectPageX(); break; // BIT $nn,X
// Clear State Flags Instructions
case 0x18: CLC(); break; // CLC
case 0xD8: CLD(); break; // CLD
case 0x58: CLI(); break; // CLI
case 0xB8: CLV(); break; // CLV
// CMP - Compare Accumulator
case 0xC9: CMP_Immediate(); break; // CMP #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0xCD: CMP_Absolute(); break; // CMP $nnnn
case 0xDD: CMP_AbsoluteX(); break; // CMP $nnnn,X
case 0xD9: CMP_AbsoluteY(); break; // CMP $nnnn,Y
case 0xC5: CMP_DirectPage(); break; // CMP $nn
case 0xD5: CMP_DirectPageX(); break; // CMP $nn,X
case 0xD2: CMP_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // CMP ($nn)
case 0xD1: CMP_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // CMP ($nn),Y
case 0xC1: CMP_DirectPageIndirectX(); break; // CMP ($nn,X)
case 0xCF: CMP_Long(); break; // CMP $nnnnnn
case 0xDF: CMP_LongX(); break; // CMP $nnnnnn,X
case 0xC3: CMP_StackRelative(); break; // CMP sr,S
case 0xC7: CMP_IndirectDirectPageLong(); break; // CMP [dp]
case 0xD3: CMP_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // CMP (sr,S),Y
case 0xD7: CMP_IndirectDirectPageLongY(); break; // CMP [dp],Y
// CPX - Compare X Register
case 0xE0: CPX_Immediate(); break; // CPX #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0xEC: CPX_Absolute(); break; // CPX $nnnn
case 0xE4: CPX_DirectPage(); break; // CPX $nn
// CPY - Compare Y Register
case 0xC0: CPY_Immediate(); break; // CPY #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0xCC: CPY_Absolute(); break; // CPY $nnnn
case 0xC4: CPY_DirectPage(); break; // CPY $nn
// DEC - Decrement Memory
case 0x3A: DEC_Accumulator(); break; // DEC A
case 0xCE: DEC_Absolute(); break; // DEC $nnnn
case 0xDE: DEC_AbsoluteX(); break; // DEC $nnnn,X
case 0xC6: DEC_DirectPage(); break; // DEC $nn
case 0xD6: DEC_DirectPageX(); break; // DEC $nn,X
// EOR - Exclusive OR
case 0x49: EOR_Immediate(); break; // EOR #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0x4D: EOR_Absolute(); break; // EOR $nnnn
case 0x5D: EOR_AbsoluteX(); break; // EOR $nnnn,X
case 0x59: EOR_AbsoluteY(); break; // EOR $nnnn,Y
case 0x45: EOR_DirectPage(); break; // EOR $nn
case 0x55: EOR_DirectPageX(); break; // EOR $nn,X
case 0x52: EOR_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // EOR ($nn)
case 0x47: EOR_IndirectDirectPageLong(); break; // EOR [$nn]
case 0x41: EOR_IndexedIndirectDirectPageX(); break; // EOR ($nn,X)
case 0x51: EOR_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // EOR ($nn),Y
case 0x57: EOR_IndirectDirectPageLongY(); break; // EOR [$nn],Y
case 0x4F: EOR_AbsoluteLong(); break; // EOR $nnnnnn
case 0x5F: EOR_AbsoluteLongX(); break; // EOR $nnnnnn,X
case 0x43: EOR_StackRelative(); break; // EOR $nn,S
case 0x53: EOR_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // EOR ($nn,S),Y
// JMP - Jump to an Address
case 0x4C: JMP_Absolute(); break; // JMP $nnnn
case 0x6C: JMP_AbsoluteIndirect(); break; // JMP ($nnnn)
case 0x5C: JMP_AbsoluteLong(); break; // JMP $nnnnnn
case 0x7C: JMP_AbsoluteIndirectX(); break; // JMP ($nnnn,X)
case 0xDC: JMP_AbsoluteIndirectLong(); break; // JMP [addr]
// Subroutine instructions
case 0x20: JSR_Absolute(); break; // JSR $nnnn
case 0x22: JSR_AbsoluteLong(); break; // JSR $nnnnnn
case 0xFC: JSR_AbsoluteIndirectX(); break; // JSR ($nnnn,X)
// Single Register Decrement
case 0xCA: DEX(); break; // DEX - Decrement X Register
case 0x88: DEY(); break; // DEY - Decrement Y Register
// INC - Increment Memory
case 0x1A: INC_Accumulator(); break; // INC A
case 0xEE: INC_Absolute(); break; // INC $nnnn
case 0xFE: INC_AbsoluteX(); break; // INC $nnnn,X
case 0xE6: INC_DirectPage(); break; // INC $nn
case 0xF6: INC_DirectPageX(); break; // INC $nn,X
// Single Register Increment
case 0xE8: INX(); break; // INX - Increment X Register
case 0xC8: INY(); break; // INY - Increment Y Register
// Move Block Instructions
// There is zero way this is done right. I don't understand at all.
case 0x54: MVN(); break; // MVN srcbank,destbank
case 0x44: MVP(); break; // MVP srcbank,destbank
// No Operation
case 0xEA: NOP(); break; //NOP
// ORA - Inclusive OR
case 0x09: ORA_Immediate(); break; // ORA #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0x0D: ORA_Absolute(); break; // ORA $nnnn
case 0x1D: ORA_AbsoluteX(); break; // ORA $nnnn,X
case 0x19: ORA_AbsoluteY(); break; // ORA $nnnn,Y
case 0x05: ORA_DirectPage(); break; // ORA $nn
case 0x15: ORA_DirectPageX(); break; // ORA $nn,X
case 0x12: ORA_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // ORA ($nn)
case 0x07: ORA_IndirectDirectPageLong(); break; // ORA [$nn]
case 0x01: ORA_IndexedIndirectDirectPageX(); break; // ORA ($nn,X)
case 0x11: ORA_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // ORA ($nn),Y
case 0x17: ORA_IndirectDirectPageLongY(); break; // ORA [$nn],Y
case 0x0F: ORA_AbsoluteLong(); break; // ORA $nnnnnn
case 0x1F: ORA_AbsoluteLongX(); break; // ORA $nnnnnn,X
case 0x03: ORA_StackRelative(); break; // ORA $nn,S
case 0x13: ORA_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // ORA ($nn,S),Y
// LDA - Load Accumulator
case 0xA9: LDA_Immediate(); break; // LDA #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0xAD: LDA_Absolute(); break; // LDA $nnnn
case 0xBD: LDA_AbsoluteX(); break; // LDA $nnnn,X
case 0xB9: LDA_AbsoluteY(); break; // LDA $nnnn,Y
case 0xA5: LDA_DirectPage(); break; // LDA $nn
case 0xB5: LDA_DirectPageX(); break; // LDA $nn,X
case 0xB2: LDA_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // LDA ($nn)
case 0xB1: LDA_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // LDA ($nn),Y
case 0xA1: LDA_DirectPageIndirectX(); break; // LDA ($nn,X)
case 0xAF: LDA_Long(); break; // LDA $nnnnnn
case 0xBF: LDA_LongX(); break; // LDA $nnnnnn,X
case 0xA3: LDA_StackRelative(); break; // LDA sr,S
case 0xA7: LDA_IndirectDirectPageLong(); break; // LDA [dp]
case 0xB3: LDA_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // LDA (sr,S),Y
case 0xB7: LDA_IndirectDirectPageLongY(); break; // LDA [dp],Y
// LDX - Load X Register
case 0xA2: LDX_Immediate(); break; // LDX #$nn or LDX #$nnnn
case 0xAE: LDX_Absolute(); break; // LDX $nnnn
case 0xBE: LDX_AbsoluteY(); break; // LDX $nnnn,Y
case 0xA6: LDX_DirectPage(); break; // LDX $nn
case 0xB6: LDX_DirectPageY(); break; // LDX $nn,Y
// LDY - Load Y Register
case 0xA0: LDY_Immediate(); break; // LDY #$nn or LDY #$nnnn
case 0xAC: LDY_Absolute(); break; // LDY $nnnn
case 0xBC: LDY_AbsoluteX(); break; // LDY $nnnn,X
case 0xA4: LDY_DirectPage(); break; // LDY $nn
case 0xB4: LDY_DirectPageX(); break; // LDY $nn,X
// LSR - Logical Shift Right
case 0x4A: LSR_Accumulator(); break; // LSR A
case 0x4E: LSR_Absolute(); break; // LSR $nnnn
case 0x5E: LSR_AbsoluteX(); break; // LSR $nnnn,X
case 0x46: LSR_DirectPage(); break; // LSR $nn
case 0x56: LSR_DirectPageX(); break; // LSR $nn,X
// Stack operations
case 0x48: PHA(); break; // PHA
case 0x68: PLA(); break; // PLA
case 0xDA: PHX(); break; // PHX
case 0xFA: PLX(); break; // PLX
case 0x5A: PHY(); break; // PHY
case 0x7A: PLY(); break; // PLY
case 0x08: PHP(); break; // PHP
case 0x28: PLP(); break; // PLP
case 0x8B: PHB(); break; // PHB
case 0xAB: PLB(); break; // PLB
case 0x0B: PHD(); break; // PHD
case 0x2B: PLD(); break; // PLD
case 0x4B: PHK(); break; // PHK
// Push Effective Instructions
case 0xF4: PEA(); break; //PEA
case 0xD4: PEI(); break; //PEI
case 0x62: PER(); break; //PER
// REP - Reset Status Bits
case 0xC2: REP(); break;
// More Subroutines
case 0x60: RTS(); break; // RTS
case 0x6B: RTL(); break; // RTL
case 0x40: RTI(); break; // RTI
// ROL - Rotate Left
case 0x2A: ROL_Accumulator(); break; // ROL A
case 0x2E: ROL_Absolute(); break; // ROL $nnnn
case 0x3E: ROL_AbsoluteX(); break; // ROL $nnnn,X
case 0x26: ROL_DirectPage(); break; // ROL $nn
case 0x36: ROL_DirectPageX(); break; // ROL $nn,X
// ROR - Rotate Right
case 0x6A: ROR_Accumulator(); break; // ROR A
case 0x6E: ROR_Absolute(); break; // ROR $nnnn
case 0x7E: ROR_AbsoluteX(); break; // ROR $nnnn,X
case 0x66: ROR_DirectPage(); break; // ROR $nn
case 0x76: ROR_DirectPageX(); break; // ROR $nn,X
// SBC - Subtract with Carry
case 0xE9: SBC_Immediate(); break; // SBC #$nn or #$nnnn
case 0xED: SBC_Absolute(); break; // SBC $nnnn
case 0xEF: SBC_AbsoluteLong(); break; // SBC $nnnnnn
case 0xFD: SBC_AbsoluteX(); break; // SBC $nnnn,X
case 0xFF: SBC_AbsoluteLongX(); break; // SBC $nnnnnn,X
case 0xF9: SBC_AbsoluteY(); break; // SBC $nnnn,Y
case 0xE5: SBC_DirectPage(); break; // SBC $nn
case 0xF5: SBC_DirectPageX(); break; // SBC $nn,X
case 0xF2: SBC_DirectPageIndirect(); break; // SBC ($nn)
case 0xE7: SBC_DirectPageIndirectLong(); break; // SBC [$nn]
case 0xF1: SBC_DirectPageIndirectY(); break; // SBC ($nn),Y
case 0xF7: SBC_DirectPageIndirectLongY(); break;// SBC [$nn],Y
case 0xE1: SBC_DirectPageIndirectX(); break; // SBC ($nn,X)
case 0xE3: SBC_StackRelative(); break; // SBC $nn,S
case 0xF3: SBC_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // SBC ($nn,S),Y
// SE* - Set Certain Flags
case 0x38: SEC(); break;
case 0xF8: SED(); break;
case 0x78: SEI(); break;
case 0xE2: SEP(); break;
//STA - Store Accumulator
case 0x8D: STA_Absolute(); break; // STA $nnnn
case 0x9D: STA_AbsoluteX(); break; // STA $nnnn,X
case 0x99: STA_AbsoluteY(); break; // STA $nnnn,Y
case 0x85: STA_DirectPage(); break; // STA $nn
case 0x95: STA_DirectPageX(); break; // STA $nn,X
case 0x92: STA_IndirectDirectPage(); break; // STA ($nn)
case 0x91: STA_IndirectDirectPageY(); break; // STA ($nn),Y
case 0x81: STA_DirectPageIndirectX(); break; // STA ($nn,X)
case 0x8F: STA_Long(); break; // STA $nnnnnn
case 0x9F: STA_LongX(); break; // STA $nnnnnn,X
case 0x83: STA_StackRelative(); break; // STA sr,S
case 0x87: STA_DirectPageIndirectLong(); break; // STA [dp]
case 0x93: STA_StackRelativeIndirectY(); break; // STA (sr,S),Y
case 0x97: STA_DirectPageIndirectLongY(); break; // STA [dp],Y
// STP - Stop Processor
case 0xDB: STP(); break; // STP
//SDX - Store X Register
case 0x8E: STX_Absolute(); break; // STX $nnnn
case 0x86: STX_DirectPage(); break; // STX $nn
case 0x96: STX_DirectPageY(); break; // STX $nn,Y
// SDY - Store Y Register
case 0x8C: STY_Absolute(); break; // STY $nnnn
case 0x84: STY_DirectPage(); break; // STY $nn
case 0x94: STY_DirectPageX(); break; // STY $nn,X
// STZ - Store Zero
case 0x9C: STZ_Absolute(); break; // STZ $nnnn
case 0x9E: STZ_AbsoluteX(); break; // STZ $nnnn,X
case 0x64: STZ_DirectPage(); break; // STZ $nn
case 0x74: STZ_DirectPageX(); break; // STZ $nn,X
// Transfer instructions
case 0xAA: TAX(); break; // TAX
case 0xA8: TAY(); break; // TAY
case 0x5B: TCD(); break; // TCD
case 0x1B: TCS(); break; // TCS
case 0x7B: TDC(); break; // TDC
case 0x3B: TSC(); break; // TSC
case 0xBA: TSX(); break; // TSX
case 0x8A: TXA(); break; // TXA
case 0x9A: TXS(); break; // TXS
case 0x9B: TXY(); break; // TXY
case 0x98: TYA(); break; // TYA
case 0xBB: TYX(); break; // TYX
// Test and set/reset bit instructions
case 0x14: TRB_DirectPage(); break; // TRB dp
case 0x1C: TRB_Absolute(); break; // TRB addr
case 0x04: TSB_DirectPage(); break; // TSB dp
case 0x0C: TSB_Absolute(); break; // TSB addr
// Special instructions
case 0xCB: WAI(); break; // WAI
case 0x42: WDM(); break; // WDM
case 0xEB: XBA(); break; // XBA
case 0xFB: XCE(); break; // XCE
default:
std::cout << "Unknown opcode: 0x" << std::hex << static_cast<int>(opcode) << std::endl;
break;
}
}
void CPU::NOP() {
// No operation
}
// Load Accumulator Instructions
void CPU::LDA_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit accumulator mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(PC++);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value; // Keep high byte, update low byte
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 2;
} else {
// 16-bit accumulator mode
A = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t address = base_address + X;
// Page boundary crossing adds a cycle in some cases
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_AbsoluteY() {
uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
uint32_t address = base_address + Y;
// Page boundary crossing adds a cycle
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 3;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 4;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDA_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + (P & FLAG_X ? (X & 0xFF) : X);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDA_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDA_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t address = base_address + Y;
// Page boundary crossing adds a cycle
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDA_DirectPageIndirectX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset + (P & FLAG_X ? (X & 0xFF) : X);
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDA_Long() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC++) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_LongX() {
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(PC++) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 16);
const uint32_t address = base_address + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
// Load X Register Instructions
void CPU::LDX_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit index mode
X = ReadByte(PC++);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else {
// 16-bit index mode
X = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
UpdateNZ16(X);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::LDX_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
X = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
X = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(X);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDX_AbsoluteY() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t address = base_address + Y;
// Page boundary crossing adds a cycle
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
X = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
X = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(X);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDX_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
X = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
X = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(X);
cycles += 4;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDX_DirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + (P & FLAG_X ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y);
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
X = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
X = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(X);
cycles += 5;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
// Load Y Register Instructions
void CPU::LDY_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit index mode
Y = ReadByte(PC++);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else {
// 16-bit index mode
Y = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
UpdateNZ16(Y);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::LDY_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
Y = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
Y = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(Y);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDY_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t address = base_address + X;
// Page boundary crossing adds a cycle
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
Y = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
Y = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(Y);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDY_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
Y = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
Y = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(Y);
cycles += 4;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::LDY_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + (P & FLAG_X ? (X & 0xFF) : X);
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode
Y = ReadByte(address);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
Y = ReadWord(address);
UpdateNZ16(Y);
cycles += 5;
}
// Extra cycle if D register is not page-aligned
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
//Store operations implementation
void CPU::STA_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::STA_AbsoluteX() {
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + X;
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::STA_AbsoluteY() {
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + Y;
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::STA_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STA_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STA_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t pointer = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(pointer) | (DB << 16);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STA_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t pointer = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(pointer) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + Y;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STA_DirectPageIndirectX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t pointer = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(pointer) | (DB << 16);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STA_Long() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC + 1) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 3) << 16);
PC += 4;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::STA_LongX() {
const uint32_t base = ReadByte(PC + 1) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 3) << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + X;
PC += 4;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 7;
}
}
void CPU::STA_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::STA_DirectPageIndirectLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint32_t target_address = ReadByte(indirect_addr) |
(ReadByte(indirect_addr + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(indirect_addr + 2) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
WriteByte(target_address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
WriteWord(target_address, A);
cycles += 7;
}
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::STA_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
const uint16_t y_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y;
const uint32_t target_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + y_offset);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
WriteByte(target_address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 7;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
WriteWord(target_address, A);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::STA_DirectPageIndirectLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(indirect_addr) |
(ReadByte(indirect_addr + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(indirect_addr + 2) << 16);
const uint16_t y_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y;
const uint32_t target_address = base_address + y_offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
WriteByte(target_address, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
WriteWord(target_address, A);
cycles += 7;
}
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
// STX - Store X Register
void CPU::STX_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, X & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, X);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::STX_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, X & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, X);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STX_DirectPageY() {
uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
uint32_t address = (D + offset + Y) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, X & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, X);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
// STY - Store Y Register
void CPU::STY_Absolute() {
uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, Y);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::STY_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, Y);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::STY_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
WriteByte(address, Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
WriteWord(address, Y);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
// INC - Increment Memory
// Important to note: PC doesn't increment in accumulator mode I think
void CPU::INC_Accumulator() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A + 1) & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
A = (A + 1) & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 2;
}
}
void CPU::INC_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::INC_AbsoluteX() {
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + X;
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 9;
}
}
void CPU::INC_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::INC_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value + 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 8;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
// DEC - Decrement Memory
void CPU::DEC_Accumulator() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A - 1) & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
A = (A - 1) & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 2;
}
}
void CPU::DEC_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::DEC_AbsoluteX() {
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + X;
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 9;
}
}
void CPU::DEC_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::DEC_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFF;
WriteByte(address, value);
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
value = (value - 1) & 0xFFFF;
WriteWord(address, value);
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 8;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
// INX - Increment X Register
void CPU::INX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
X = (X & 0xFF00) | ((X + 1) & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
} else { // 16-bit mode
X = (X + 1) & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(X);
}
cycles += 2;
}
// INY - Increment Y Register
void CPU::INY() {
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
Y = (Y & 0xFF00) | ((Y + 1) & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
} else { // 16-bit mode
Y = (Y + 1) & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(Y);
}
cycles += 2;
}
// DEX - Decrement X Register
void CPU::DEX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
X = (X & 0xFF00) | ((X - 1) & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
} else { // 16-bit mode
X = (X - 1) & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(X);
}
cycles += 2;
}
// DEY - Decrement Y Register
void CPU::DEY() {
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
Y = (Y & 0xFF00) | ((Y - 1) & 0xFF);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
} else { // 16-bit mode
Y = (Y - 1) & 0xFFFF;
UpdateNZ16(Y);
}
cycles += 2;
}
// CMP - Compare Accumulator
void CPU::CMP_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC + 1);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
PC += 2;
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC + 1);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
PC += 3;
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_AbsoluteX() {
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + X;
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
// Add extra cycle if page boundary crossed
if ((base & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 5;
// Add extra cycle if page boundary crossed
if ((base & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_AbsoluteY() {
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + Y;
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
// Add extra cycle if page boundary crossed
if ((base & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 5;
// Add extra cycle if page boundary crossed
if ((base & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::CMP_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::CMP_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t pointer = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(pointer) | (DB << 16);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::CMP_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t pointer = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
const uint32_t base = ReadWord(pointer) | (DB << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + Y;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
// Add extra cycle if page boundary crossed
if ((base & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
// Add extra cycle if page boundary crossed
if ((base & 0xFF00) != (address & 0xFF00)) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_DirectPageIndirectX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t pointer = (D + offset + X) & 0xFFFF;
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(pointer) | (DB << 16);
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::CMP_Long() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC + 1) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 3) << 16);
PC += 4;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_LongX() {
const uint32_t base = ReadByte(PC + 1) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 3) << 16);
const uint32_t address = base + X;
PC += 4;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 6;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 7;
}
}
// CPX - Compare X Register
void CPU::CPX_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC + 1);
UpdateCompareFlags8(X & 0xFF, operand);
PC += 2;
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC + 1);
UpdateCompareFlags16(X, operand);
PC += 3;
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::CPX_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(X & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(X, operand);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::CPX_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const int32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(X & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(X, operand);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
// CPY - Compare Y Register
void CPU::CPY_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC + 1);
UpdateCompareFlags8(Y & 0xFF, operand);
PC += 2;
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC + 1);
UpdateCompareFlags16(Y, operand);
PC += 3;
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::CPY_Absolute() {
const uint32_t address = ReadWord(PC + 1) | (DB << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(Y & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(Y, operand);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::CPY_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC + 1);
const uint32_t address = (D + offset) & 0xFFFF;
PC += 2;
if (P & FLAG_X) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(Y & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(Y, operand);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++; // Extra cycle if D register low byte != 0
}
}
void CPU::JMP_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | address;
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::JMP_AbsoluteIndirect() {
const uint16_t indirect_addr = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_indirect_addr = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | indirect_addr;
const uint16_t target_addr = ReadWord(full_indirect_addr);
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | target_addr;
cycles += 5;
}
void CPU::JMP_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint16_t addr_low = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint8_t addr_high = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t target_addr = (static_cast<uint32_t>(addr_high) << 16) | addr_low;
PB = addr_high;
PC = target_addr;
cycles += 4;
}
void CPU::JMP_AbsoluteIndirectX() {
const uint16_t base_addr = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t indirect_addr = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | (base_addr + X);
const uint16_t target_addr = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | target_addr;
cycles += 6;
}
void CPU::BEQ_Relative() {
DoBranch(P & FLAG_Z);
}
void CPU::BNE_Relative() {
DoBranch(!(P & FLAG_Z));
}
void CPU::BCC_Relative() {
DoBranch(!(P & FLAG_C));
}
void CPU::BCS_Relative() {
DoBranch(P & FLAG_C);
}
void CPU::BMI_Relative() {
DoBranch(P & FLAG_N);
}
void CPU::BPL_Relative() {
DoBranch(!(P & FLAG_N));
}
void CPU::JSR_Absolute() {
const uint16_t target_addr = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint16_t return_addr = (PC - 1) & 0xFFFF;
PushWord(return_addr);
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | target_addr;
cycles += 6;
}
void CPU::JSR_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint16_t addr_low = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint8_t addr_high = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
PushByte(PB);
const uint16_t return_addr = (PC - 1) & 0xFFFF;
PushWord(return_addr);
PB = addr_high;
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(addr_high) << 16) | addr_low;
cycles += 8;
}
void CPU::JSR_AbsoluteIndirectX() {
const uint16_t base_addr = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t indirect_addr = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | ((base_addr + X) & 0xFFFF);
const uint16_t target_addr = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
const uint16_t return_addr = (PC - 1) & 0xFFFF;
PushWord(return_addr);
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | target_addr;
cycles += 8;
}
void CPU::RTS() {
const uint16_t return_addr = PopWord();
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | ((return_addr + 1) & 0xFFFF);
cycles += 6;
}
void CPU::RTL() {
const uint16_t return_addr = PopWord();
PB = PopByte();
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | ((return_addr + 1) & 0xFFFF);
cycles += 6;
}
void CPU::PHA() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode: push low byte of accumulator
PushByte(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
PushWord(A);
cycles += 4;
}
}
void CPU::PLA() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode: pull into low byte, clear high byte
A = PopByte();
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = PopWord();
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::PHX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode: push low byte of X
PushByte(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
PushWord(X);
cycles += 4;
}
}
void CPU::PLX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode: pull into low byte, clear high byte
X = PopByte();
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
X = PopWord();
UpdateNZ16(X);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::PHY() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode: push low byte of Y
PushByte(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
PushWord(Y);
cycles += 4;
}
}
void CPU::PLY() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit mode: pull into low byte, clear high byte
Y = PopByte();
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else {
// 16-bit mode: pull full 16-bit value
Y = PopWord();
UpdateNZ16(Y);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::PHP() {
PushByte(P);
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::PLP() {
P = PopByte();
cycles += 4;
}
void CPU::PHB() {
PushByte(DB);
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::PLB() {
DB = PopByte();
UpdateNZ8(DB);
cycles += 4;
}
void CPU::PHD() {
PushWord(D);
cycles += 4;
}
void CPU::PLD() {
D = PopWord();
UpdateNZ16(D);
cycles += 5;
}
void CPU::PHK() {
PushByte(PB);
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::ADC_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit immediate
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
DoADC(value);
cycles += 2;
} else {
// 16-bit immediate
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
DoADC(value);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 4;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | ((base_address + X) & 0xFFFF);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::ADC_AbsoluteY() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | ((base_address + Y) & 0xFFFF);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::ADC_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t target_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | target_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | ((base_address + Y) & 0xFFFF);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::ADC_DirectPageIndirectX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset + X;
const uint16_t target_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | target_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint16_t addr_low = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint8_t addr_high = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t full_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(addr_high) << 16) | addr_low;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_AbsoluteLongX() {
const uint16_t addr_low = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint8_t addr_high = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t base_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(addr_high) << 16) | addr_low;
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_DirectPageIndirectLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t addr_low = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint8_t addr_high = ReadByte(pointer_address + 2);
const uint32_t target_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(addr_high) << 16) | addr_low;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(target_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(target_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_DirectPageIndirectLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t addr_low = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint8_t addr_high = ReadByte(pointer_address + 2);
const uint32_t base_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(addr_high) << 16) | addr_low;
const uint32_t target_address = base_address + Y;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(target_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(target_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 4;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::ADC_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC);
PC++;
const uint32_t pointer_address = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t target_address = (static_cast<uint32_t>(DB) << 16) | ((base_address + Y) & 0xFFFF);
if (P & FLAG_M) {
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(target_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 7;
} else {
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(target_address);
DoADC(value);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::AND_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC++);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::AND_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::AND_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::AND_AbsoluteY() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::AND_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::AND_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::AND_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t indirect_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | indirect_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::AND_IndirectDirectPageLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t full_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::AND_IndexedIndirectDirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset + X;
const uint16_t indirect_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | indirect_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::AND_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::AND_IndirectDirectPageLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + Y;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::AND_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC) | (ReadByte(PC + 1) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::AND_AbsoluteLongX() {
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(PC) | (ReadByte(PC + 1) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 16);
PC += 3;
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::AND_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::AND_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) & operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A &= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::ASL_Accumulator() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = A & 0xFF;
const uint8_t result = original << 1;
A = (A & 0xFF00) | result;
UpdateASLFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = A;
const uint16_t result = original << 1;
A = result;
UpdateASLFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 2;
}
}
void CPU::ASL_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(full_address);
const uint8_t result = original << 1;
WriteByte(full_address, result);
UpdateASLFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 6;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(full_address);
const uint16_t result = original << 1;
WriteWord(full_address, result);
UpdateASLFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::ASL_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(full_address);
const uint8_t result = original << 1;
WriteByte(full_address, result);
UpdateASLFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(full_address);
const uint16_t result = original << 1;
WriteWord(full_address, result);
UpdateASLFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 9;
}
}
void CPU::ASL_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(address);
const uint8_t result = original << 1;
WriteByte(address, result);
UpdateASLFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(address);
const uint16_t result = original << 1;
WriteWord(address, result);
UpdateASLFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ASL_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(address);
const uint8_t result = original << 1;
WriteByte(address, result);
UpdateASLFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(address);
const uint16_t result = original << 1;
WriteWord(address, result);
UpdateASLFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 8;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::BIT_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC++);
UpdateBITImmediateFlags8(operand, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
UpdateBITImmediateFlags16(operand, A);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::BIT_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
UpdateBITFlags8(operand, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
UpdateBITFlags16(operand, A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::BIT_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
UpdateBITFlags8(operand, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
UpdateBITFlags16(operand, A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::BIT_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateBITFlags8(operand, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateBITFlags16(operand, A);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::BIT_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateBITFlags8(operand, A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateBITFlags16(operand, A);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::BRA_Relative() {
DoBranch(true);
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::BRL_RelativeLong() {
const int16_t offset = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint16_t current_pc = PC & 0xFFFF;
const uint16_t new_pc = current_pc + offset;
PC = (PC & 0xFF0000) | new_pc;
cycles += 4;
}
void CPU::BVC_Relative() {
DoBranch(!(P & FLAG_V));
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::BVS_Relative() {
DoBranch(P & FLAG_V);
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::BRK() {
PC++;
if (!emulation_mode) {
PushByte(PB);
PushWord(PC);
PushByte(P | 0x10);
P |= FLAG_I;
P &= ~FLAG_D;
PB = 0;
// Load interrupt vector from $00FFE6-$00FFE7
PC = ReadWord(0x00FFE6);
cycles += 5;
} else { //Emulation mode
PushWord(PC);
PushByte(P | 0x30);
P |= FLAG_I;
P &= ~FLAG_D;
// Load interrupt vector from $FFFE-$FFFF
PC = ReadWord(0xFFFE);
cycles += 4;
}
}
void CPU::CLC() {
P &= ~FLAG_C;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::CLD() {
P &= ~FLAG_D;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::CLI() {
P &= ~FLAG_I;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::CLV() {
P &= ~FLAG_V;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::CMP_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_IndirectDirectPageLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t full_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::CMP_IndirectDirectPageLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + Y;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
UpdateCompareFlags8(A & 0xFF, operand);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
UpdateCompareFlags16(A, operand);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC++);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::EOR_AbsoluteY() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::EOR_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t indirect_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | indirect_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_IndirectDirectPageLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t full_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_IndexedIndirectDirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset + X;
const uint16_t indirect_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | indirect_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::EOR_IndirectDirectPageLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + Y;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC) | (ReadByte(PC + 1) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_AbsoluteLongX() {
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(PC) | (ReadByte(PC + 1) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 16);
PC += 3;
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::EOR_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) ^ operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A ^= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::JMP_AbsoluteIndirectLong() {
const uint16_t pointer_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t target_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
PC = target_address & 0xFFFF;
PB = (target_address >> 16) & 0xFF;
cycles += 6;
}
void CPU::LDA_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(address);
A = value;
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_IndirectDirectPageLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t full_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
A = value;
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
A = value;
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::LDA_IndirectDirectPageLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + Y;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t value = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | value;
UpdateNZ8(value);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t value = ReadWord(full_address);
A = value;
UpdateNZ16(value);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::LSR_Accumulator() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = A & 0xFF;
const uint8_t result = original >> 1;
A = (A & 0xFF00) | result;
UpdateLSRFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = A;
const uint16_t result = original >> 1;
A = result;
UpdateLSRFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 2;
}
}
void CPU::LSR_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(full_address);
const uint8_t result = original >> 1;
WriteByte(full_address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 6;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(full_address);
const uint16_t result = original >> 1;
WriteWord(full_address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::LSR_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(full_address);
const uint8_t result = original >> 1;
WriteByte(full_address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(full_address);
const uint16_t result = original >> 1;
WriteWord(full_address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 9;
}
}
void CPU::LSR_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(address);
const uint8_t result = original >> 1;
WriteByte(address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(address);
const uint16_t result = original >> 1;
WriteWord(address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::LSR_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t original = ReadByte(address);
const uint8_t result = original >> 1;
WriteByte(address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags8(original, result);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t original = ReadWord(address);
const uint16_t result = original >> 1;
WriteWord(address, result);
UpdateLSRFlags16(original, result);
cycles += 8;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(PC++);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 2;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + X) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::ORA_AbsoluteY() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::ORA_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_IndirectDirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t indirect_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | indirect_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_IndirectDirectPageLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t full_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_IndexedIndirectDirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset + X;
const uint16_t indirect_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | indirect_address;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_IndirectDirectPageY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
if ((base_address & 0xFF00) != ((base_address + Y) & 0xFF00)) {
cycles++;
}
}
}
void CPU::ORA_IndirectDirectPageLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(pointer_address) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 1) << 8) |
(ReadByte(pointer_address + 2) << 16);
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + Y;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 7;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC) | (ReadByte(PC + 1) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 16);
PC += 3;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_AbsoluteLongX() {
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(PC) | (ReadByte(PC + 1) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC + 2) << 16);
PC += 3;
const uint32_t full_address = base_address + X;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 5;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 4;
} else { // 16-bit mode
uint16_t operand = ReadWord(address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 5;
}
}
void CPU::ORA_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t pointer_address = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(pointer_address);
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + Y);
if (P & FLAG_M) { // 8-bit mode
const uint8_t operand = ReadByte(full_address);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | ((A & 0xFF) | operand);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 7;
} else { // 16-bit mode
const uint16_t operand = ReadWord(full_address);
A |= operand;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 8;
}
}
void CPU::MVN() {
const uint8_t dest_bank = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint8_t src_bank = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t src_address = (src_bank << 16) | X;
const uint32_t dest_address = (dest_bank << 16) | Y;
const uint8_t data = ReadByte(src_address);
WriteByte(dest_address, data);
X++;
Y++;
A--;
if (A != 0xFFFF) {
// Make sure that operation has successfully completed
// If not, stay on this instruction
PC -= 3;
}
DB = dest_bank;
cycles += 7;
}
void CPU::MVP() {
const uint8_t dest_bank = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint8_t src_bank = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t src_address = (src_bank << 16) | X;
const uint32_t dest_address = (dest_bank << 16) | Y;
const uint8_t data = ReadByte(src_address);
WriteByte(dest_address, data);
X--;
Y--;
A--;
if (A != 0xFFFF) {
// Make sure that operation has successfully completed
// If not, stay on this instruction
PC -= 3;
}
DB = dest_bank;
cycles += 7;
}
void CPU::ROL_Accumulator() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t low_byte = A & 0xFF;
low_byte = ROL8(low_byte);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | low_byte;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ROL16(A);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::ROL_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
ROL_AtAddress((DB << 16) | address, 6, 7);
}
void CPU::ROL_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
ROL_AtAddress(address, 7, 8);
}
void CPU::ROL_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
ROL_AtAddress(address, 5, 6);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::ROL_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + (P & FLAG_X ? (X & 0xFF) : X);
ROL_AtAddress(address, 6, 7);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::ROR_Accumulator() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t low_byte = A & 0xFF;
low_byte = ROR8(low_byte);
A = (A & 0xFF00) | low_byte;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
A = ROR16(A);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::ROR_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
ROR_AtAddress((DB << 16) | address, 6, 7);
}
void CPU::ROR_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + X);
ROR_AtAddress(address, 7, 8);
}
void CPU::ROR_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
ROR_AtAddress(address, 5, 6);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::ROR_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset + (P & FLAG_X ? (X & 0xFF) : X);
ROR_AtAddress(address, 6, 7);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::PEA() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
PushWord(address);
cycles += 5;
}
void CPU::PEI() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint16_t effective_addr = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
PushWord(effective_addr);
cycles += 6;
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::PER() {
const auto displacement = static_cast<int16_t>(ReadWord(PC));
PC += 2;
const auto effective_addr = static_cast<uint16_t>(PC + displacement);
PushWord(effective_addr);
cycles += 6;
}
void CPU::REP() {
const uint8_t mask = ReadByte(PC++);
P &= ~mask;
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::RTI() {
if (emulation_mode) {
P = PopByte();
PC = PopWord();
cycles += 7;
} else {
// Native mode
P = PopByte();
const uint16_t pc_addr = PopWord();
PB = PopByte();
PC = (static_cast<uint32_t>(PB) << 16) | pc_addr;
cycles += 6;
}
}
void CPU::SBC_Immediate() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
SBC8(ReadByte(PC++));
cycles += 2;
} else {
SBC16(ReadWord(PC));
PC += 2;
cycles += 3;
}
}
void CPU::SBC_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
SBC_FromAddress((DB << 16) | address, 4, 5);
}
void CPU::SBC_AbsoluteLong() {
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(PC++) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 16);
SBC_FromAddress(address, 5, 6);
}
void CPU::SBC_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint16_t x_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (X & 0xFF) : X;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + x_offset);
SBC_FromAddress_PageCross(address, base_address, x_offset, 4, 5);
}
void CPU::SBC_AbsoluteLongX() {
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(PC++) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 8) | (ReadByte(PC++) << 16);
const uint16_t x_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (X & 0xFF) : X;
SBC_FromAddress(base_address + x_offset, 5, 6);
}
void CPU::SBC_AbsoluteY() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint16_t y_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + y_offset);
SBC_FromAddress_PageCross(address, base_address, y_offset, 4, 5);
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
SBC_FromAddress(address, 3, 4);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint16_t x_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (X & 0xFF) : X;
const uint32_t address = D + offset + x_offset;
SBC_FromAddress(address, 4, 5);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPageIndirect() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
const uint32_t final_address = (DB << 16) | address;
SBC_FromAddress(final_address, 5, 6);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPageIndirectLong() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint32_t address = ReadByte(indirect_addr)
| (ReadByte(indirect_addr + 1) << 8)
| (ReadByte(indirect_addr + 2) << 16);
SBC_FromAddress(address, 6, 7);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPageIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
const uint16_t y_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + y_offset);
SBC_FromAddress_PageCross(address, base_address, y_offset, 5, 6);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPageIndirectLongY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset;
const uint32_t base_address = ReadByte(indirect_addr)
| (ReadByte(indirect_addr + 1) << 8)
| (ReadByte(indirect_addr + 2) << 16);
const uint16_t y_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y;
SBC_FromAddress(base_address + y_offset, 6, 7);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_DirectPageIndirectX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint16_t x_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (X & 0xFF) : X;
const uint32_t indirect_addr = D + offset + x_offset;
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
const uint32_t final_address = (DB << 16) | address;
SBC_FromAddress(final_address, 6, 7);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::SBC_StackRelative() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = SP + offset;
SBC_FromAddress(address, 4, 5);
}
void CPU::SBC_StackRelativeIndirectY() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t indirect_addr = SP + offset;
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(indirect_addr);
const uint16_t y_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (Y & 0xFF) : Y;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + y_offset);
SBC_FromAddress(address, 7, 8);
}
void CPU::SEC() {
P |= FLAG_C;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::SED() {
P |= FLAG_D;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::SEI() {
// This prevents IRQ interrupts from being processed
P |= FLAG_I;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::SEP() {
const uint8_t mask = ReadByte(PC++);
P |= mask;
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::STP() {
stopped = true;
cycles += 3;
// TODO: Implement way to resume processor?
}
void CPU::STZ_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
STZ_ToAddress(full_address, 4, 5);
}
void CPU::STZ_AbsoluteX() {
const uint16_t base_address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint16_t x_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (X & 0xFF) : X;
const uint32_t address = (DB << 16) | (base_address + x_offset);
STZ_ToAddress(address, 5, 6);
}
void CPU::STZ_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
STZ_ToAddress(address, 3, 4);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::STZ_DirectPageX() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint16_t x_offset = (P & FLAG_X) ? (X & 0xFF) : X;
const uint32_t address = D + offset + x_offset;
STZ_ToAddress(address, 4, 5);
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::TAX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit
X = (X & 0xFF00) | (A & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit
X = A;
UpdateNZ16(X);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TAY() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit
Y = (Y & 0xFF00) | (A & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit
Y = A;
UpdateNZ16(Y);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TCD() {
D = A;
UpdateNZ16(D);
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TCS() {
SP = A;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TDC() {
A = D;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TSC() {
A = SP;
UpdateNZ16(A);
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TSX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit
X = (X & 0xFF00) | (SP & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit
X = SP;
UpdateNZ16(X);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TXA() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit accumulator
A = (A & 0xFF00) | (X & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit accumulator
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit
A = X & 0x00FF;
} else {
// 16-bit
A = X;
}
UpdateNZ16(A);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TXS() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit
SP = 0x0100 | (X & 0x00FF);
} else {
// 16-bit
SP = X;
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TXY() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit
Y = (Y & 0xFF00) | (X & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(Y & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit
Y = X;
UpdateNZ16(Y);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TYA() {
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit accumulator
A = (A & 0xFF00) | (Y & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit accumulator
if (P & FLAG_X) {
A = Y & 0x00FF;
} else {
// 16-bit index
A = Y;
}
UpdateNZ16(A);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TYX() {
if (P & FLAG_X) {
// 8-bit index registers
X = (X & 0xFF00) | (Y & 0x00FF);
UpdateNZ8(X & 0xFF);
} else {
// 16-bit index registers
X = Y;
UpdateNZ16(X);
}
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::TRB_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t memory_value = ReadByte(address);
if (const uint8_t test_result = memory_value & (A & 0xFF); test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value &= ~(A & 0xFF);
WriteByte(address, memory_value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
uint16_t memory_value = ReadWord(address);
if (const uint16_t test_result = memory_value & A; test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value &= ~A;
WriteWord(address, memory_value);
cycles += 6;
}
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::TRB_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t memory_value = ReadByte(full_address);
if (const uint8_t test_result = memory_value & (A & 0xFF); test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value &= ~(A & 0xFF);
WriteByte(full_address, memory_value);
cycles += 6;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
uint16_t memory_value = ReadWord(full_address);
if (const uint16_t test_result = memory_value & A; test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value &= ~A;
WriteWord(full_address, memory_value);
cycles += 7;
}
}
void CPU::TSB_DirectPage() {
const uint8_t offset = ReadByte(PC++);
const uint32_t address = D + offset;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t memory_value = ReadByte(address);
if (const uint8_t test_result = memory_value & (A & 0xFF); test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value |= (A & 0xFF);
WriteByte(address, memory_value);
cycles += 5;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
uint16_t memory_value = ReadWord(address);
if (const uint16_t test_result = memory_value & A; test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value |= A;
WriteWord(address, memory_value);
cycles += 6;
}
if (D & 0xFF) cycles++;
}
void CPU::TSB_Absolute() {
const uint16_t address = ReadWord(PC);
PC += 2;
const uint32_t full_address = (DB << 16) | address;
if (P & FLAG_M) {
// 8-bit mode
uint8_t memory_value = ReadByte(full_address);
if (const uint8_t test_result = memory_value & (A & 0xFF); test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value |= (A & 0xFF);
WriteByte(full_address, memory_value);
cycles += 6;
} else {
// 16-bit mode
uint16_t memory_value = ReadWord(full_address);
if (const uint16_t test_result = memory_value & A; test_result == 0) {
P |= FLAG_Z;
} else {
P &= ~FLAG_Z;
}
memory_value |= A;
WriteWord(full_address, memory_value);
cycles += 7;
}
}
void CPU::WAI() {
// TODO: Implement checking for interrupts (IRQ, NMI, RESET)
waiting_for_interrupt = true;
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::WDM() {
// I don't think this does anything. Just here for completeness
PC++;
cycles += 2;
}
void CPU::XBA() {
const uint8_t temp = A & 0xFF;
A = (A >> 8) | ((temp) << 8);
UpdateNZ8(A & 0xFF);
cycles += 3;
}
void CPU::XCE() {
const bool old_carry = (P & FLAG_C) != 0;
if (emulation_mode) P |= FLAG_C;
else P &= ~FLAG_C;
emulation_mode = old_carry;
if (emulation_mode) {
// Force 8-bit modes, constrain stack to page 1
P |= (FLAG_M | FLAG_X);
SP = (SP & 0x00FF) | 0x0100;
}
}